What is the formula for calculating Vpeak?

The formula for calculating Vpeak, or the peak voltage in an alternating current (AC) waveform, is derived from the relationship between the root mean square (RMS) value and the peak value. In an ideal sine wave, the RMS value is 0.707 times the peak voltage, hence you can rearrange this relationship to find the peak voltage.

Since VRMS (the root mean square voltage) is equal to Vpeak divided by the square root of two (approximately 1.414), to isolate Vpeak, you multiply the RMS value by the square root of two. Therefore, the correct formula is Vpeak = VRMS x 1.414.

This approach is fundamental in electrical engineering, particularly when dealing with AC electricity, as it allows for the translation between two commonly used voltage measurements. Engineers and technicians rely on this formula to ensure that equipment is supplied with the correct voltage levels to function safely and effectively.