What indicates a short circuit?

A short circuit occurs when there is an unintended path in an electrical circuit that allows current to flow directly between two points, effectively bypassing the normal load, such as a light bulb or an appliance. This direct connection can lead to an excessive current flow, which can generate heat and potentially cause damage to the circuit components or lead to a fire hazard.

When the circuit is shorted, the expected impedance that should limit the current is greatly reduced, resulting in a surge of current. This situation is correctly defined by the choice identifying a direct connection between two points in a circuit that bypasses the load.

While other indicators, such as a malfunctioning electrical device or a circuit breaker that trips frequently, may suggest an issue with the circuit, they do not specifically define a short circuit. Similarly, low electrical resistance could contribute to a short circuit scenario, but it alone doesn't provide the complete definition of what constitutes a short circuit in functional terms. Thus, the most accurate description of a short circuit is the one that highlights the direct connection bypassing the load.