What does "wire gauge" indicate?

Wire gauge is a measurement that indicates the thickness of electrical wire. The gauge number, which is derived from the American Wire Gauge (AWG) system, inversely correlates to the diameter of the wire; a lower gauge number indicates a thicker wire, while a higher gauge number signifies a thinner wire. Thicker wires can carry more current and are generally more effective at minimizing voltage drop over longer distances.

Understanding wire gauge is crucial for electrical work, as it affects the wire's current-carrying capacity—known as ampacity—and its resistance. This measurement plays a significant role in ensuring safety and efficiency in electrical installations. Proper wire gauge selection is essential to prevent overheating, potential fire hazards, and system failures, making it vital for technicians to be familiar with this concept.