How do single-phase and three-phase power systems differ?

Single-phase and three-phase power systems differ primarily in the number of alternating current waveforms they utilize. A single-phase system operates with a single alternating current waveform, which means it has one source delivering power at a time. This type of system is often found in residential settings where the power demand is relatively low.

In contrast, a three-phase system consists of three separate alternating current waveforms. These waveforms are spaced 120 degrees apart in relation to each other, which allows for a more balanced and stable power output. The presence of three phases helps to provide a continuous delivery of power, as at least one phase is always close to its peak at any given moment. This results in less fluctuation in voltage and a more constant power load, making three-phase systems particularly advantageous for industrial applications and large motors where consistent energy supply is critical.

The other alternatives don't accurately represent the differences between single-phase and three-phase systems. For example, stating that three-phase systems only provide two waveforms or that single-phase systems are solely for industrial purposes does not reflect the reality of how these systems are used in various applications. The comparison made in the correct choice highlights the essential characteristics that define these power systems, emphasizing their operational benefits.